Insider Trading Background

It is widely known that insider transactions provides a great
opportunity for investors to sense what insiders are thinking of their
own company. Particularly, insider buying is much straightforward than
insider selling in terms of the signal for investors.

Overview

Insider Trades are published by EDGAR Online on a
daily basis, Trades are not adjusted for stock splits. Data
from Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) Forms 4,
Statement of Changes in Beneficial Ownership, are
parsed and summarized in our reports.

Who is an insider?

According to SEC, insiders include officers, directors,
persons with a policy-making role, or beneficial owners
(holder of 10% or more) of a company's stock. Insiders
are both individuals and corporations, and are required
to report their direct and indirect holdings.

About Insider
Trading

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350,000 trades a year

For now, insiders are
continuing to buy and
sell their own company's
stock. Currently "around
350,000 instances of
insider transactions are
reported to the SEC
each year," ... Their
combined value easily
runs into the billions of
dollars."
                     -the
Christian Science
Monitor, May 28th,
2002

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Insider Trading Profit Strategy

According to Insider Trading Expert at pro-fundity investment education
(at http://www.pro-fundity.com)

# For purposes of the Provident Investor,
insider buying is more important than
selling
. There are many reasons an insider (or anyone else, for that matter) would
sell a stock; college tuition, mortgage payments, auto purchase, vacation
expenses, etc.
However, there is only one reason an insider would buy company
stock;
They expect the price to go up! Any benefit we derive from an
understanding of insider trading will come predominantly from buying. However,
because of the difference between buying and selling motivation, there are
always more insider sells than buys.

# It makes a difference which company insiders are making the buys. That is,
those closer to the decision-making process will likely have a better vision of
where the company is going. They stand to lose more if their predictions go awry.
This “
creme of the crop” insiders include the Chairman of the Board (COB), Chief
Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operations Officer
(COO, or CO), and President (P). A Director (D) may be privy to high-level insider
information. This crop of 1st-team insiders will carry more weight as we assess the
importance of Insider information.

# As we look for messages in insider data, the following are important:

* How large was the trade (how many shares or the dollar value)?
* How much of an insider’s holdings were included in the trade?
* Is there a consensus by more than one insider in the company making the same
trade?
* Which officers in the company are making the trade?